OdoClub.com
Member Agreement
1. Introduction.
Welcome to the member agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement” or “Member
Agreement”) for OdoClub.com, which is a website owned by OdoClub, Incorporated,
a Delaware corporation (hereinafter referred to as “OdoClub,” “us,” or “we”). If you
do not agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement, do not use or
access OdoClub’s services (hereinafter referred to as “Services”) or website
(hereinafter referred to as “the Site” or “OdoClub.com”). This Agreement may be
governed by the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (E-Sign
Act).
2. Binding Nature.
You must read, agree to, and accept all of the terms and conditions contained in this
User Agreement and our Privacy Policy, which include those terms and conditions
expressly set out below and those incorporated by reference, before you use the Site
or become a member of OdoClub.com. We strongly recommend that, as you read
this User Agreement, you also access and read the information referred to in this
document, as it may contain further terms and conditions that apply to you as an
OdoClub.com user.
3. Change Control.
OdoClub reserves the right to change any of the terms and conditions contained in
this Agreement or any policies or guidelines governing the Site or Services, at any
time and in its sole and independent discretion. Any changes will be effective upon
the posting of the revisions on the Site. You are responsible for reviewing the notice
and any applicable changes. Changes to referenced policies and guidelines may be
posted without notice to you. Your continued use of the Site and the Services
following OdoClub’s posting of any changes will constitute your acceptance of such
changes or modifications. If you do not agree to any changes to this Agreement, do
not continue to use the Services or the Site.
4. Eligibility.
Our Services are available only to, and may only be used by, individuals who can
form legally binding contracts under applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing,
our Services are not available to children (persons under the age of 18 (or 21
depending on the age of majority in your jurisdiction)) or to temporarily or
indefinitely suspended OdoClub.com members. If you are not at least 18 years of age
(or 21 years of age depending on the age of majority in your jurisdiction), you must
exit the Site immediately and may not use or access the Site. In addition, you agree
not to bypass any security and/or access feature on the Site. The Site has no
responsibility or liability for any misrepresentations regarding a user’s age.
Competitors are not authorized to access or use the Site without express, written
permission from us in advance of such access. If you do not qualify, please do not
use the Site. Further, your OdoClub.com account User ID and password may not be
transferred, loaned, given or sold to another party. If you are registering as a business
entity, you represent that you have the authority to bind the entity to this Agreement.
5. Services.
OdoClub provides a website where members register and update miles traveled and
through which those miles can be redeemed, by means of a points conversion system
determined by the participating dealership’s reward schedule, for discounts on goods
and services offered by participating dealerships. Members must affiliate with a
participating dealership. Members, however, can transfer their accumulated miles to
a different dealership, subject to that dealership’s reward schedule.
6. Account Holder’s Responsibilities.
As an OdoClub.com user, you are obligated to read this Agreement before you sign-
up or provide any information via the Site. You agree to be bound to the terms of this
Agreement. OdoClub does not offer legal or financial advice concerning the Services
offered via the Site. Nothing in this Agreement is to be interpreted as legal advice or
guidance.
By creating an account, you certify that all information you provide when registering
your account is true and accurate. In addition, it is a condition of your use of the Site
that all information you provide will be correct, current, and complete and any
modification or change made to any information that you provide during your
continued use of your account simultaneously carries with it a certification that the
modification or change that you make to your account information is true and
accurate. We may, at our sole discretion, require additional information or forms of
identification and may use these to determine any limitations that may be placed on
your use of the Site. We have the right to refuse you access to the Site or any of its
resources, and to terminate or suspend your access at any time if we believe that the
information you provide is not correct, current, complete, true, and accurate. In
addition, you may be subject to civil or criminal penalties for giving such false
information.
You are responsible for all statements made and acts that occur through the use of
your user name and account. Do not disclose your password to others. If your
password is exposed, lost, or stolen, you must change it immediately.
You are solely responsible for obtaining access to the Site and any fees associated
with such access (e.g., airtime charges, ISP fees, other third party fees, etc.). In
addition, you must provide, and you are responsible for, all equipment necessary to
access the Site.
You must access your account at least once per month in order to update your
mileage. During this update, you will view customized advertisements provided by
your affiliated dealership. You specifically agree to view these advertisements. If
you do not updated your account monthly, you will be subject to mile reductions as
described in Section 8 below.
7. Membership.
You may access the non-public portion of the Site only by being a member in good
standing of the Site. The Site reserves the right to modify materials and the Site’s
design at any time, with or without prior notice.
As part of the registration process, you will select a unique username and password,
which you must provide in order to gain access to the non-public portion of the Site.
You warrant that you will not choose a name which may falsely represent you as
somebody else or a name which may otherwise be in violation of the rights of a third
party.
If we, in our sole and independent discretion, deem the use of a username
inappropriate, we may disallow the use of that username. Further, we may, at any
time, cancel the membership of any member who uses his or her selected username in
violation of this User Agreement or in any other way we, in our sole and independent
discretion, deem inappropriate.
Your membership, the username, and password are nontransferable and non-
assignable. You are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your
username and password and you represent and warrant that you will not disclose to
any other person your unique username and password. You are responsible for all
activities that occur under username and password. You agree that you will not
provide access to the Site to anyone who is below the age of majority in your state,
province, or country. In addition, you indemnify the Site against all activities
conducted through your account.
You agree to immediately notify the Site in writing of any unauthorized use of your
username and password or any other breach of security, and until you do notify the
Site, you are liable and responsible for any such unauthorized use. Unauthorized
access to the Site is illegal and a breach of this Agreement. You also agree to ensure
that you have fully logged out of your account at the end of each session.
Without prior written consent from the Site, you may not re-register as a member
after your account has been terminated by the Site. Further, you agree that neither the
Site nor any third party acting on our behalf shall be liable to you for the termination
of your membership or access to the Site.
8. Rewards.
Your rewards miles will be based on the number of miles driven and validated by
your participating dealership. The redemption value for the miles driven will be
determined by the dealership’s reward schedule as posted on the dealership’s
OdoClub webpage. This reward schedule is subject to change by the dealership at
any time.
Accounts will be updated [____]. All mile redemptions are final and only validated
miles can be redeemed for rewards. No retroactive rewards miles will be given for
miles driven prior to becoming a member. Rewards miles cannot be combined with
different accounts or transferred to other rewards programs. Rewards miles are not
transferable. Determination and payment of tax liability are the responsibility of the
Member.
In order to redeem miles, your account must be open and in good standing as
determined by OdoClub. Your account rewards miles are void where prohibited by
law. OdoClub and/or participating dealerships need not honor rewards miles from
members who have violated this User Agreement and OdoClub can terminate these
members at any time. OdoClub reserves the right to alter, change, or terminate the
program at any time without notice.
If a member fails to update mileage in consecutive months, that member will be
considered “Inactive.” Inactive members will not be allowed to redeem mikes. If a
member fails to update mileage in any two calendar months during any calendar year,
the member will be considered “Hibernating.” If an Inactive or Hibernating member
fails to update mileage during any calendar month, the miles earned by the member
will be reduced by ten percent (10%). This will occur for each month during the
calendar year that the member is still Inactive and Hibernating.
9. Restricted Activities.
Your information and activities on the Site shall not: (a) be false, inaccurate or
misleading; (b) be fraudulent; (c) infringe any third party’s copyright, patent,
trademark, trade secret or other proprietary rights or rights of publicity or privacy; (d)
violate any law, statute, ordinance or regulation (including, but not limited to, those
governing export control, consumer protection, unfair competition, antidiscrimination
or false advertising); (e) be defamatory, trade libelous, unlawfully threatening or
unlawfully harassing; (f) contain any viruses, Trojan horses, or the like, or other
computer programming routines that may damage or interfere with the Site; and (g)
create liability for us or cause us to lose (in whole or in part) the services of our ISPs
or other suppliers. Additionally, without the express written authorization of the Site,
you may not: (a) utilize any framing techniques in connection with the Site or any of
the materials contained therein; (b) use any meta-tags or any other “hidden text”
utilizing the Site’s marks; (c) “deep-link” to any page of the Site (including the
homepage); (d) decompile, reverse engineer, modify or disassemble any of the
software aspect of the Site’s materials except and only to the extent permitted by
applicable law; (e) sell, rent, lease, license, sublicense, transfer, distribute, re-
transmit, time-share, use as a service bureau or otherwise assign to any third party the
Site’s materials or any of your rights to access and use the Site’s materials as granted
in this Agreement; and/or (f) place a bookmark on any page of the Site except for the
registration log-in screen. Furthermore, you may not consummate any transaction on
the Site, or that was initiated using our Services, that could cause us to violate any
applicable law, statute, ordinance or regulation. Additionally, you agree to cooperate
with the Site in stopping any unauthorized use.
It shall be a material breach of this User Agreement if you submit any material to the
Site that violates international law or federal, state, and/or local laws of the United
States.
10. Access and Interference.
You agree that you will not use any robot, spider, scraper or other automated means
to access the Site for any purpose without our express written permission.
Additionally, you agree that you will not: (i) take any action that we, in our sole
discretion, believe imposes an unreasonably large load on our servers; (ii) copy,
reproduce, modify, create derivative works from, distribute or publicly display the
Site content without the prior expressed written permission of OdoClub and the
appropriate third party, as applicable; (iii) attempt to interfere with the proper
working of the Site or any activities conducted on the Site; or (iv) bypass any security
measures (including the use of another person’s user name to access the Site) or
encryption tools that we may use to prevent or restrict access to the Site.
11. Breach.
Without limiting other remedies, we may limit your activity, issue a warning,
temporarily suspend, indefinitely suspend or terminate your membership and refuse
to provide our Services to you if, within our sole and independent judgment: (a) you
breach, or we anticipate that you are about to breach, this Agreement or the
documents it incorporates by reference; (b) we are unable to verify or authenticate
any information you provide to us; or (c) we believe that your actions may cause
financial loss or legal liability for you, our users or us. We can also terminate this
Agreement at any time, with or without cause.
12. Privacy.
We only use your information as described in our Privacy Policy. Our current
Privacy Policy is available at /public/pages/privacy.
OdoClub.com may change the Privacy Policy in the future. You should check the
Privacy Policy frequently for changes. You agree not to use any information
regarding other members that is accessible on the Site, disclosed to you by
other members, or disclosed to you by OdoClub except to enter into and complete
OdoClub.com transactions. You agree not to use any such information for purposes
of solicitation, advertisement, initiation of unsolicited e-mail or spam,
harassment, invasion of privacy, or otherwise objectionable conduct.
13. Parental Control Protections.
In accordance with 47 U.S.C.S. § 230, parents should be aware that there are parental
control protections (such as computer hardware, software, or filtering services)
commercially available, which can assist them in limiting access to material that is
harmful to minors. Examples of some of these protection services include Cybersitter
(www.solidoak.com) and Net Nanny (www.netnanny.com). Please note that
OdoClub in no way endorses or is responsible for these services.
14. DMCA Policy.
OdoClub takes claims of copyright infringement very seriously. Our policy for
handling claims of infringement is to have our designated agent review and respond
to notices of infringement by removing from the Site any infringing material when a
DMCA compliant notice is provided to us.
15. DMCA Notice.
In accordance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"), OdoClub has
designated an agent to receive notification of alleged copyright infringement
occurring on the Site. If you believe that your copyrighted work is being infringed,
notify the designated agent specified below:
OdoClub, Inc.
ATTN: Copyright Dept.
P.O. BOX 51
Chester Springs, PA, 19425
support@odoclub.com
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act requires that all infringement claims must be
in writing and must include the following information:
- A description of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed;
- A description of the infringing material and information reasonably sufficient
to permit OdoClub to locate the material;
- Your contact information, including your mailing address, telephone number,
and email address;
- A statement that you have a good faith belief that the use of the material in the
manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or
the law;
- A statement, under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification
is accurate and that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner;
and
- A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or the person
authorized to act on its behalf.
16. National Do Not Call Registry.
Please be advised that if you complete a contact form on the Site, you have expressly
agreed to be contacted via telephone by OdoClub, regardless of whether you are listed
on the National Do Not Call Registry.
17. Fax Policy.
Please be advised that if you provide us with a fax number, you have expressly
granted us the right to contact you via fax.
18. Results May Vary.
EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO ACCURATELY REPRESENT OUR
SERVICES. EXAMPLES AND TESTIMONIALS ON THE SITE ARE NOT TO
BE INTERPRETED AS PROMISES OR GUARANTEES OF RESULTS.
RESULTS WILL VARY PER PERSON. Your level of success in attaining the
results claimed in our materials depends on a number of factors. THESE FACTORS
VARY ACCORDING TO INDIVIDUALS, AND THEREFORE, ODOCLUB
CANNOT GUARANTEE YOUR RESULTS.
19. No Warranty.
WE, OUR OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AGENTS, EMPLOYEES, CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS
PROVIDE THE SITE AND SERVICES “AS IS” AND WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR CONDITION,
EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY. WE, OUR OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AGENTS, EMPLOYEES,
CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE,
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. Some
states do not allow the disclaimer of implied warranties, so the foregoing
disclaimer may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights
and you may also have other legal rights that vary from state to state. IN
ADDITION, WE SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES THAT THE SITE OR THE SERVICES
WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS; DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES THAT THE SITE WILL ALWAYS
BE AVAILABLE, UPDATED, ACCESSIBLE, UNINTERRUPTED, TIMELY, SECURE OR OPERATE
WITHOUT ERROR; AND DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES THAT ANY FILES AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD
FROM THE INTERNET WILL BE FREE OF VIRUSES, WORMS, TROJAN HORSES OR OTHER CODE
THAT MAY MANIFEST CONTAMINATING OR DESTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES, (SITE DOES NOT ASSUME
ANY RESPONSIBILITY OR RISK FOR YOUR USE OF THE INTERNET). WE ALSO SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY ARISING FROM COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE
AND DISCLAIM ANY OBLIGATION, LIABILITY, RIGHT, CLAIM OR REMEDY IN TORT, WHETHER
OR NOT ARISING FROM THE NEGLIGENCE OF ODOCLUB. THE SITE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR
ANY USE OF CONFIDENTIAL OR PRIVATE INFORMATION BY SELLERS OR THIRD PARTIES. YOU
AGREE THAT YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM
OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM ANY MATERIAL AND/OR DATA DOWNLOADED OR
OTHERWISE OBTAINED OR ACCESSED THROUGH THE USE OF THE SITE. THE SITE MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS THAT THE SITE OR ANY OF ITS MATERIALS ARE APPROPRIATE OR
AVAILABLE FOR USE IN ALL LOCATIONS. NO USERS MAY ACCESS THE SITE FROM
TERRITORIES WHERE THE CONTENT OR THE BUSINESS OF THE SITE MAY BE ILLEGAL. IN
ADDITION, THE SITE DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCURRED
BY ANY USER IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF ANY WEBSITE ACCESSED THROUGH THE SITE
AND DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY DERIVED FROM THE USE OF ANY LINKS THAT MAY APPEAR ON
THE SITE.
20. General Release.
IF A DISPUTE ARISES BETWEEN ONE OR MORE USERS, EACH OF YOU RELEASE ODOCLUB, OUR
OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AGENTS, EMPLOYEES, CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS FROM CLAIMS,
DEMANDS AND DAMAGES (ACTUAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL) OF EVERY KIND AND NATURE, KNOWN
AND UNKNOWN, SUSPECTED AND UNSUSPECTED, DISCLOSED AND UNDISCLOSED, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH SUCH DISPUTES. YOU WAIVE THE PROTECTIONS
AFFORDED BY CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE § 1542, WHICH SAYS: “A GENERAL RELEASE DOES
NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS
FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM MUST HAVE
MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.” YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE
THAT THIS WAIVER IS AN ESSENTIAL AND MATERIAL TERM OF THIS AGREEMENT, AND THAT
WITHOUT SUCH WAIVER, THIS AGREEMENT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN ENTERED INTO BY ODOCLUB.
21. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT SHALL WE, OUR OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AGENTS,
EMPLOYEES, CONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS, BE LIABLE FOR LOST
PROFITS OR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE
DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY CLAIM ARISING OUT OF, OR
RELATED TO, THIS AGREEMENT AND/OR YOUR USE OF THE SITE
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, NEGLIGENCE. OUR LIABILITY TO
YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCE IS LIMITED TO $100.
22. Indemnity.
You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless OdoClub and our officers,
directors, agents, employees, contractors and suppliers from any claim or demand
made by any third party due to or arising out of the performance of this Agreement by
either party, as well any performance related to the documents it incorporates by
reference, and/or your violation of any law or the rights of a third party.
23. Specific Enforcement.
You acknowledge that OdoClub will be irreparably injured if the provisions of this
Agreement are not specifically enforced. If you commit or, in the belief of OdoClub,
threaten to commit a breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement, OdoClub and
each of its subsidiaries shall have the right and remedy, in addition to any other
remedy that may be available at law or in equity, to have the provisions of this
Agreement specifically enforced by any court having equity jurisdiction, it being
acknowledged and agreed that any such breach or threatened breach will cause
irreparable injury to OdoClub and its subsidiaries, and that money damages will not
provide an adequate remedy therefore. Such injunction shall be available without the
posting of any bond or other security, and you hereby consent to the issuance of such
injunction.
If this Agreement is breached by you, OdoClub will be entitled to recover its legal
fees and costs incurred in the enforcement of this Agreement.
24. Licenses.
OdoClub grants a limited license to each participant to make personal use only of the
Site and the Services in accordance with this Agreement. This license expressly
excludes, without limitation, any reproduction, duplication, sale, resale or other
commercial use of the Site and the Services, making any derivative of the Site or the
Services, the collection and use of participant e-mail addresses or other participant
information, ratings or listings, or any data extraction or data mining whatsoever.
You agree that you will not compile, reproduce, republish or resell for any
commercial purpose any information on our Site and not use any device, software or
routine that may interfere with the operation of the Site.
25. Export Control.
You understand and acknowledge that the Site’s software elements may be subject to
regulation the United States Department of Commerce or by other agencies of the
U.S. Government, which prohibit the export or diversion of software to certain
nations or third parties. Diversion of such materials contrary to the laws of the United
States or international law is prohibited.
You agree that you will not assist or participate in any such diversion or other
violation of applicable laws and regulations. You also warrant that you will not
permit or license anyone not approved under applicable law or regulations to receive
controlled commodities. You agree to abide by any applicable laws and regulations.
You further agree that none of the materials on the Site are being, or will be, shipped,
transferred, or re-exported, directly or indirectly, to proscribed or embargoed
countries or their nationals or otherwise used for proscribed activities.
26. Linking.
Some third-party websites are linked to the Site. You acknowledge and agree that the
Site is not responsible or liable for the content, advertising, services, products, or
availability of such external websites or resources In addition, the Site shall not be
responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged
to be caused by or related to your use of, or reliance upon, any such third-party
content, goods or services. If you decide to access any such third party website, you
do so entirely at your own risk and your use of such website is not governed by this
Site’s User Agreement or any other agreement incorporated by reference.
27. Trademark.
You agree that the terms “OdoClub” and “OdoClub.com” are considered trademarks
of the Site. You further agree that the Site’s marks, logos, domains, and trademarks
may not be used except with the express written permission of the Site. You
additionally agree that the marks may not be used in any manner that disparages or
discredits the Site or is likely to cause consumer confusion. Additionally, you
understand that other parties’ product and service names referenced on the Site may
be trademarks and service marks of their respective companies and may not be used
publicly without the express written consent of the owners and/or holders of such
trademarks and service marks.
28. Copyright.
The Site and all materials accessible on or through the site such as text, graphics,
photographs, video and audio clips, music, soundtracks, button icons, streaming data,
animation, images, downloadable materials, data compilations and software, as well
as any other website owned, operated, licensed, or controlled by the Site, are the
proprietary information and valuable intellectual property of the Site or the party that
provided the materials to the Site. These materials (and compilations thereof) are
protected by U.S. and international copyright laws. The materials may not be copied,
distributed, republished, modified, uploaded, posted, or transmitted in any way
without the prior written consent of the Site. You may not remove or alter, or cause
to be removed or altered, any copyright, trademark, trade name, service mark, or any
other proprietary notice or legend appearing on any of the materials. Modification or
use of the content of the Site except as expressly provided in this User Agreement
violates the Site’s intellectual property rights.
The Site, or the party that provided the materials to the Site, retains all of its right,
title, and interest in the materials. Your access of the Site does not transfer title or
rights in any of the Site’s intellectual property.
29. General Provisions.
This is the entire Agreement governing the use of the OdoClub.com Site. No delay
by either party shall waive rights under this Agreement. This Agreement is governed
by, and to be construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Pennsylvania
without regard to that state’s conflict of laws provisions. By using the Site, you
expressly consent to the exclusive personal jurisdiction and venue for any claim
relating to or arising out of this Agreement or your use of the Site or Services in the
state and federal courts for Chester Springs, Pennsylvania. No waiver of any breach
of this Agreement shall be a waiver of any other provision of this Agreement, and no
waiver shall be valid unless in writing signed by the parties. If any provision of this
Agreement is held invalid, such provision shall be restated to reflect, as nearly as
possible, the original intention of the parties in accordance with applicable law and
the remainder of the Agreement shall remain in full force. This Agreement does not
create an agency, joint venture, partnership, fiduciary relationship, or any similar
relationship between the parties, and neither party has the right or authority to act for,
or on behalf of, the other party. Headings are for the convenience of reference only
and do not alter the rights and obligations of the parties. The provisions of this
Agreement are not for the benefit of any third party. Neither party shall be liable to
the other for any delay or failure due to acts of God, war, transportation difficulties,
labor strikes, natural disasters, riots, telecommunications or information services
infrastructure, hacking, Spam, any failure of a computer, server, or software, or acts
or omissions of vendors or suppliers beyond the control of the parties. Provisions of
this Agreement that are intended to survive this Agreement shall survive.
30. Notices.
Except as explicitly stated otherwise, any notices shall be given by postal mail
to OdoClub, Inc., P.O. BOX 51, Chester Springs, PA, 19425 (in the case of
OdoClub), or to the email address you provide to OdoClub during the registration
process (in your case). Notice shall be deemed given 24 hours after email is
sent, unless the sending party is notified that the email address is invalid.